retrolisthesis overview

what is retrolisthesis?

Retrolisthesis is a joint dysfunction where a vertebra slips backward beneath or along a disc. It can occur in the cervical spine (neck or shoulder area), lumbar spine (lower back), or thoracic spine (stomach region). To be classified as retrolisthesis, the slippage must exceed 2 mm. This condition is less common than spondylolisthesis, where a vertebra shifts forward.

Retrolisthesis can result from various causes, including arthritis, spinal injuries such as trauma or fractures, muscle weakness in the spinal or abdominal region, rickets, osteoporosis, bone infections, genetic abnormalities, and blood infections.

symptoms of retrolisthesis

The symptoms of retrolisthesis vary depending on the location of the vertebral slippage and your overall health. Common signs to watch for include:

• Visible bulging or distortions in the spinal area.
• Persistent back pain.
• Restricted range of motion or difficulty moving freely.
• Numbness, sharp pain, or tingling sensations in the hips, legs, thighs, neck, shoulders, or arms.

diagnosis of retrolisthesis

Diagnosing retrolisthesis involves a thorough physical examination and imaging tests. A healthcare provider will assess symptoms, evaluate medical history, and perform a physical exam to check for visible signs like spinal deformities or restricted movement. Imaging techniques such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans are used to confirm the diagnosis by identifying the extent and location of the vertebral slippage. Additional tests may be conducted to determine underlying causes, such as muscle weakness, fractures, or infections, and to evaluate the overall condition of the spine.

treatment for retrolisthesis

The treatment for retrolisthesis depends on the severity of the condition and its underlying cause. Common approaches include:

• Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen the back and abdominal muscles, improve flexibility, and enhance spinal stability.
• Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers or prescribed medications to reduce inflammation and discomfort.
• Lifestyle Modifications: Maintaining proper posture, avoiding heavy lifting, and incorporating ergonomic adjustments in daily activities.
• Chiropractic Care: Manual spinal adjustments to improve alignment and reduce pressure on affected areas.
• Bracing: A spinal brace may be recommended to limit movement and provide support during healing.
• Surgical Intervention: In severe cases where conservative treatments fail, surgery may be necessary to correct the vertebral alignment or address complications.
• Treatment of Underlying Causes: Addressing conditions like arthritis, osteoporosis, or infections to prevent further progression.

role of physiotherapy in retrolisthesis

For Retrolisthesis, physiotherapy is considered to be one of the best lines of treatment. Combinations of exercises help in not only enhance the strength of the muscles but also in improving muscular balance, flexibility, and mobility, and offering relief from pain. This includes the use of manual, exercise, and electrotherapy.  

Physiotherapists create customised Retrolisthesis exercise plans that include:

• Core exercises: These are done to take the pressure off the spine and reducing the pain in the lower back and the hip area. 
• Extension exercises: These exercises are done to improve the strength of the extensor muscles of the hips and spine and in improving the spine’s mobility.
• Spinal exercises: These exercises are specially designed to alleviate the pain and rehabilitate the spine to prevent further degeneration. They also help in keeping the muscles, ligaments, and joints healthy in the long run. 
• Balance training: This training includes methods like hydrotherapy and sensomotoric training on unstable devices to promote walking in several variations and improving coordination skills.
• Isometric and isotonic exercises: They help in strengthening the main muscles of the trunk and in stabilizing the spine. These exercises not only help in pain management but also in preventing further degeneration.
• Stretching exercises: These exercises help in decreasing the extension forces on the lumbar spine due to the tightening of muscles or weakness. 
• Cardiovascular exercises: These exercises help in maintaining overall health.
• Stabilization exercises: These exercises are important in re-training the deep core muscles and maintaining their strength. 

Additionally, physiotherapy also goes a long way in preventing further degeneration of the condition by educating patients about posture, ergonomics, and lifting techniques. Your therapists will advice and train you on:

• Maintaining a good posture while sitting, sleeping, driving, and walking. 
• Following correct lifting techniques to avoid overstretching the spinal ligaments and straining the spinal discs. 

role of physiotherapist in retrolisthesis

An experienced physiotherapist plays a vital role in the effective management of retrolisthesis. Without a dedicated therapist, it can be challenging to design and adhere to a suitable exercise plan.

Key contributions of a physiotherapist include:

• Creating a personalized exercise plan tailored to the severity of your condition and specific needs, while advising on exercises to include and avoid.
• Ensuring adherence to the exercise routine by providing guidance and motivation.
• Monitoring the effectiveness of each exercise and making necessary adjustments to optimize results.
• Educating caregivers on your exercise regimen to ensure continuity and proper support.
• Identifying potential side effects of exercises and addressing any pain or discomfort promptly with appropriate treatment.
• Offering lifestyle, diet, and weight management advice to help maintain overall health and prevent further complications.

how can portea help?

Portea, one of India’s most trusted healthcare providers, brings compassionate care to your doorstep, making healthcare accessible and affordable, especially for conditions like retrolisthesis.

Here’s how Portea supports your recovery journey:

• We provide services from highly qualified and experienced physiotherapists, carefully selected through rigorous screening processes.
• Our in-home physiotherapy is personalized, convenient, safe, and cost-effective, designed to meet your specific needs.
• Each therapy plan is customized to consider your physical condition, individual requirements, and home environment.
• With Portea’s dedicated physiotherapy services, you can experience a faster and more effective healing process.
• Our therapists actively involve your caregivers (family and friends) in the treatment plan to ensure comprehensive support.
• We address any questions you may have about therapist qualifications, pricing, or other concerns.
• Our in-home physiotherapy services are often more economical compared to hospital or clinic-based treatments, especially for long-term care.
• Therapists visit you at your convenience, ensuring your daily routine remains uninterrupted.
• We utilize advanced physiotherapy techniques and exercises to provide effective healing in the shortest possible time.

With Portea, you receive expert care tailored to your needs, right in the comfort of your home.
Portea’s Other Services

With Portea, you’re not just getting physiotherapy at home; you’re gaining a partner in your journey to recovery and well-being. We also offer a range of superior healthcare services, including doctor consultations, medical equipment, nursing home care, and dedicated caretakers. Rely on us for top-tier healthcare solutions tailored to your requirements.

Content is medically reviewed by:

Shruti Bangera, Masters In Neurological Physiotherapy, Senior Physiotherapist & SME, Portea

references

• https://radiopaedia.org/articles/retrolisthesis
• https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319571
• https://www.physio-pedia.com/Spondylolisthesis

faq’s 

1. What Causes Lumbar Retrolisthesis?

 Lumbar retrolisthesis is caused by factors like degenerative arthritis, spine injuries, muscle weakness, osteoporosis, or poor posture. Aging increases the risk as spinal discs and joints weaken. Other causes include infections, genetic defects, or conditions like rickets. These factors disrupt spinal alignment, causing vertebrae to slip backward.

2. How Serious is Retrolisthesis?

 The severity of retrolisthesis depends on the degree of vertebral slippage. Mild cases may cause discomfort or stiffness, while severe cases can compress nerves, leading to pain, numbness, or weakness. Untreated retrolisthesis can result in spinal instability and reduced mobility, emphasizing the importance of timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

3. What are the Symptoms of Retrolisthesis?

 Symptoms of retrolisthesis include back pain, restricted movement, spinal deformities, and numbness or tingling in areas like the hips, legs, or arms. Muscle weakness and sharp, radiating pain may also occur if nerves are compressed. Severity varies depending on the extent of vertebral slippage and the affected spinal region.

4. Is surgery recommended for retrolisthesis?

 Surgery for retrolisthesis is considered only in severe cases where conservative treatments like physiotherapy, medications, or lifestyle changes fail. It is recommended when significant nerve compression, spinal instability, or debilitating pain impacts daily life. Surgical options aim to stabilize the spine and alleviate symptoms, promoting better functionality.

5. What is the difference between spondylolisthesis and retrolisthesis?

 Spondylolisthesis occurs when a vertebra slips forward relative to the one below it, while retrolisthesis involves backward slippage. Spondylolisthesis is more common and typically results from degenerative changes or fractures. In contrast, retrolisthesis often involves similar causes but occurs less frequently and may have different symptomatic impacts.