electrotherapy in physiotherapy

what is electrotherapy in physiotherapy?

Electrotherapy is a medical treatment that uses electric current to address affected areas. Experienced physiotherapists commonly use it to treat conditions such as muscle pain and arthritis. This method is effective for managing chronic pain, muscle wasting, musculoskeletal injuries, and nerve pain through targeted electrical stimulation.

benefits of electrotherapy in physiotherapy

Electrotherapy offers various non-invasive treatments with minimal to no side effects. Its key benefits include:

• Reducing body pain
• Alleviating nerve pain
• Accelerating the healing of musculoskeletal injuries
• Increasing blood circulation
• Promoting wound healing
• Relaxing muscle spasms

types of electrotherapy in physiotherapy

Electrotherapy is very useful in conditions where medications are not effective. It can vary as per the patient’s condition and needs. The common forms of electrotherapy that physiotherapists use are as follows: 

• TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation): In TENS electrotherapy, a small electrical device is used to deliver electrical impulses through the skin. Common conditions that can be treated through this are lower back pain, labour pain, and arthritis. 
• Interferential Therapy: Also known as IFT, this is a deeper form of TENS electrotherapy and uses two high frequency currents. It is effective in pain relief, muscle stimulation, and blood circulation.
• Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS): In this type of electrotherapy, the physiotherapist focuses on the muscle tissues instead of nerves. EMS is a specialized form where your motor neurons are stimulated to contract the muscles. This therapy is used to treat muscle atrophy.
• Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS): PENS involves the application of electrical stimulation through small needles that penetrate the skin. It can also be used at home and is more beneficial than TENS. 
• Therapeutic Ultrasound: This form of electrotherapy in physiotherapy uses a transducer instead of electrode pads. The benefits of therapeutic ultrasound include the healing of muscles and ligaments and the healing process.

how does electrotherapy in physiotherapy work

Electrotherapy utilizes electric currents to stimulate nerves and muscles through the skin. As a non-invasive treatment, it is generally painless, with most people feeling relaxed during sessions. Occasionally, there might be sensations of vibration or mild tingling.

Here’s how electrotherapy benefits the body:

• It sends electrical impulses to block pain signals, reducing discomfort.
• It promotes the release of endorphins, which help alleviate pain.
• The treatment enhances blood circulation, contributing to healing.
• It stimulates cells, which helps reduce inflammation.
• Electrotherapy stimulates muscle tissues, aiding in relaxation.
• It can prevent muscle atrophy by using electrical muscle stimulation (EMS).

when do you need electrotherapy?

The use of electrotherapy in physiotherapy can vary as per the patients’ condition. You may be recommended physiotherapy electrical stimulation if you have: 

• Acute or chronic ankle or joint pain
• Shoulder pain 
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Disc pain or spinal osteoarthritis/degenerative disc disease(DDD)
• Hip pain
• Facial paralysis
• Labour pain
• Post lumbar laminectomy
• Post surgical knee pain related to muscle, tendon, ligament
• Wrist pain
• Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
• Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD)
• Shin splints
• Post Herpetic Neuralgia
• Tennis elbow

If you are currently experiencing any of the above-listed issues, then electrotherapy can be a good treatment option for you. A qualified physiotherapist will help you in identifying the best electrotherapy as per your condition and make sure that you have a speedy recovery.

who can benefit from electrotherapy?

• People suffering from acute or chronic pain.
• Athletes in recovery from sports injuries.
• Individuals with musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia.
• Those with neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, or spinal cord injuries.
• Individuals experiencing circulatory issues like poor blood flow or lymphedema.
• Those with respiratory problems, including asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
• Patients recovering from surgeries or other medical procedures.

precautions of electrotherapy

Electrotherapy should be avoided by individuals who:

• Have broken or irritated skin in the treatment area.
• Have a history of heart disease or other serious medical conditions unless advised by a healthcare professional.
• Do not follow the instructions of a qualified healthcare professional or therapist.
• Use an electrotherapy device that is not suited for the intended purpose or does not follow the manufacturer’s guidelines.
• Apply electrotherapy in water or damp environments unless the device is specifically designed for such use.
• Place the device near the eyes, heart, throat, or other sensitive areas.
• Have pacemakers or other implanted medical devices, as it may interfere with their functioning.
• Are pregnant or have epilepsy.

Content is medically reviewed by:

Shruti Bangera, Masters In Neurological Physiotherapy, Senior Physiotherapist & SME, Portea

faq’s

What are the risks and side effects of electrotherapy?

Electrotherapy is generally safe, but potential risks and side effects include:

• Skin Irritation: Contact with electrodes may cause skin irritation or burns.
• Discomfort: Some individuals may experience mild discomfort or tingling during treatment.
• Muscle Spasms: Rarely, electrotherapy can induce unintended muscle contractions or spasms.
• Interference with Medical Devices: It may interfere with pacemakers or other implanted medical devices.
• Not Suitable for Certain Conditions: Electrotherapy should not be used on broken skin, near sensitive areas, or by pregnant individuals.

How can side effects of electrotherapy be avoided?

To minimize side effects:

• Consult a Healthcare Professional: Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting electrotherapy, especially if you have pre-existing conditions.
• Follow Instructions: Adhere strictly to the instructions provided by the manufacturer and your therapist.
• Use Proper Equipment: Ensure the electrotherapy device is appropriate for your condition and is used correctly.
• Avoid Sensitive Areas: Do not apply electrotherapy near sensitive areas such as the eyes, heart, or throat.

Why is electrotherapy used in medical treatments?

Electrotherapy is used in medical treatments for several reasons:

• Pain Relief: It helps to block pain signals and release endorphins, which can alleviate pain.
• Muscle Strengthening: Electrotherapy stimulates muscles, which can improve strength and function.
• Accelerated Healing: It enhances blood circulation and promotes healing in injured or damaged tissues.
• Reduction of Inflammation: By stimulating cells, it helps reduce inflammation and swelling.
• Muscle Relaxation: It aids in relaxing muscle spasms and improving overall muscle function.

How long does an electrotherapy session last?

Each session typically lasts between 15 to 30 minutes, depending on the condition being treated and the specific treatment plan.

Who should avoid electrotherapy?

Electrotherapy should be avoided by individuals with pacemakers, certain implanted medical devices, broken or irritated skin, or those who are pregnant or have epilepsy.